School Closures due to Seasonal Influenza: Experience from Eleven Influenza Seasons – United States, 2011–2022

Author:

Zviedrite NicoleORCID,Jahan FerdousORCID,Zheteyeva Yenlik,Gao Hongjiang,Uzicanin AmraORCID

Abstract

AbstractWhile there are numerous studies about influenza pandemic-associated school closures, literature is scant regarding closures associated with seasonal influenza. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted systematic daily online searches from August 1, 2011– June 30, 2022, to identify public announcements of unplanned school closures in the US lasting ≥1 day, selecting those that mentioned influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) as reason for school closure (ILI-SCs). We studied ILI-SC temporal patterns and compared them with reported outpatient ILI-related healthcare visits and laboratory confirmed influenza hospitalizations with attention to the difference between the pre-COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19-affected years. We documented that ILI-SCs occurred annually and concurrently with, and likely as a consequence of, widespread illness. The strongest correlations were primarily observed during influenza A (H3N2)-dominant seasons. ILI-SCs were heavily centered in HHS Region 4 and disproportionately impacted rural and lower-income communities.Article summary lineInfluenza-related school closures occurred annually in the US and their temporal patterns mirror the general patterns of influenza activity on both national and regional levels as observed through routine surveillance of medically attended ILI.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Reference29 articles.

1. Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza - United States, 2017;MMWR Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report Recommendations and reports,2017

2. Why Is School Closed Today? Unplanned K-12 School Closures in the United States, 2011–2013

3. Common Core of Data (2011-2021): National Center for Education Statistics; [Available from: http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/.

4. Private School Universe Survey (PSS): National Center for Education Statistics; [Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/.

5. Regional Offices: Department of Health and Human Services; [Available from: https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/regional-offices/index.html?language=es#.

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