Stone Alkaline Water Induces Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Cell Induced Angiogenesis In Vitro

Abstract

AbstractTreatment options to improve overall survival rate of prostate cancer patients are limited since tumor cells acquire resistance to the chemotherapeutic drugs. We aimed to determine anticancer effects of stone alkaline water (SAW) on PC-3 and DU-145 prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines. SAW was obtained by triturating high stones under vacuum at 3000 °C. High mineral and trace element containing fraction of SAW was used for the experiments. Viability of the tumor cells was analyzed using tetrazolium based WST-1 cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis was carried out with Propidum Iodide staining (Muse™ Cell Cycle Kit). Acridine Orange and Annexin V stainings were done to analyze the cellular morphology and to determine apoptosis. Tumor cell derived angiogenesis was analyzed with migration and tube formation assays. SAW treatment resulted in accumulation of cells at G0/G1 phase and inhibited tumor cell induced HUVEC tube formation and migration. SAW treatment significantly decreased viability of PC-3 and DU-145 prostate adenocarcinoma cells and induced apoptotic cell death. Intriguingly, treatment of the prostate cancer cells with SAW inhibited tumor cell derived angiogenesis. SAW may aid in treating prostate cancer and molecules important for SAW’s apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects need to be determined.