1. The Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
2. Hokkaido Research Organization, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
3. Shiretoko Nature Foundation, Shari, Hokkaido, Japan
4. Shari Town Office, Shari, Hokkaido, Japan
5. The South Shiretoko Brown Bear Information Center, Shibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan