Effectiveness of individual and group multicomponent interventions for smoking cessation in primary care: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract

Abstract Background The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions can be quite diverse in day-to-day clinical practice. Objective To analyse the effectiveness in smoking cessation of multicomponent interventions carried out in groups or individually in primary care practices. Methods A quasi-experimental, multicentre study of 12-month follow-up of patients treated in multicomponent smoking cessation interventions was carried out in Urban health care centres in Sevilla, Spain. Two hundred and twenty smoking patients, ≥18 years of age, participated either in a multicomponent intervention group (n = 145; mean age 51.7 years; 53.1% women) or in individual interventions (n = 77; mean age 50.5 years; 61.0% women). The abstinence or relapse status was computed from patient self-reports, confirmed by relatives or companions when possible and supplemented by CO-oxymetry tests in 89 patients. Results The overall percentage of smoking cessation was 36.9% (37.9% with group and 35.1% with individual intervention, P = 0.398). Patients who quit smoking were younger (48.7 versus 52.9 years old, P < 0.01), with fewer years of smoking (32.9 versus 36.8 years, P < 0.05), with higher education (39.0% versus 25.0%, P < 0.05) and had received pharmacological treatment (91.5% versus 67.9%, P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, level of education [odds ratio (OR): 1.995; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.065–3.735, P < 0.01], group intervention (OR: 1.743; 95% CI: 1.006–3.287, P < 0.05) and drug prescription (OR: 2.368; 95% CI: 1.126–4.980, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with smoking cessation. Conclusions Our study found that multicomponent group and individual interventions in primary care were associated with an overall quit rate of smoking of 36.9% at 12-month follow-up, with higher probability of success among patients with higher education and those who received the group intervention and drug treatment.