Bladder perforation: an unusual complication caused by rectus sheath haematoma

Abstract

Abstract Rectus sheath haematoma (RSH) is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain. Despite being previously viewed as a benign, self-limiting condition, there is increasing evidence suggesting significant local and systemic complications with RSH. We present a case of an 82-year-old female who developed a large RSH following prescription of therapeutic anticoagulation for her new onset atrial fibrillation. She subsequently developed significant haemodynamic collapse, which necessitated emergency radiological intervention. We describe a novel approach to prevent recurrence of bleeding by inserting a covered endovascular stent across the origin of inferior epigastric artery. We also describe a rare finding of bladder perforation, presumed secondary to pressure necrosis from the haematoma. Our report contributes to the growing evidence which suggests RSH, particularly secondary to anticoagulation in the elderly, can result in catastrophic complications. In addition, bladder perforation is a rare but possible complication that needs to be considered.