Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

Abstract

Abstract This chapter helps identify the spectrum of endocrine and metabolic complications affecting people with HIV and the mechanisms and clinical management of endocrine and metabolic diseases associated with HIV and antiretroviral use. Specifically, certain protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors are linked to changes in body morphology, lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. These manifest in multiple conditions including diabetes mellitus, adrenal disorders, thyroid abnormalities, gonadal dysfunction, metabolic disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and premature aging. An overview of these manifesting conditions is provided and treatment options are discussed.