The Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology, 4th edition, has been expanded and improved to incorporate paediatric and adolescent rheumatology. The format of the book is retained. The first four chapters offer a pragmatic guide to evaluating rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, showing how a differential diagnosis can be formed on the basis of symptoms, examination, and investigation findings, both for regional musculoskeletal and systemic generalized conditions. Part II comprises chapters on all the major rheumatic and bone diseases and autoimmune connective tissue diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), crystal-induced musculoskeletal disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Sjögren’s syndrome, osteoporosis, vasculitis, spinal disorders and back pain, and chronic pain syndromes, as well as new chapters on rare diseases and hereditary disorders. Part II includes chapters on drugs used in rheumatology practice, glucocorticoid injection therapy, and rheumatological emergencies. All chapters are updated to include details on paediatric and adolescent rheumatology, dealt with fairly cursorily in previous Handbook editions. Greatly expanded chapters are included on drugs used in rheumatology, pain syndromes, and the presentation of paediatric and adolescent disease.