Variability in Urinary Nicotine Exposure Biomarker Levels Between Waves 1 (2013–2014) and 2 (2014–2015) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Author:

Ashley David L1ORCID,Zhu Wanzhe2,Wang Lanqing2ORCID,Sosnoff Connie2ORCID,Feng Jun2,Del Valle-Pinero Arseima Y3,Cheng Yu-Ching3,Chang Cindy M3,van Bemmel Dana3,Borek Nicolette3,Kimmel Heather L4ORCID,Silveira Marushka L45ORCID,Blount Benjamin C2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA , USA

2. Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA , USA

3. Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD , USA

4. Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute for Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA

5. Kelly Government Solutions , Rockville, MD , USA

Abstract

Abstract Introduction To date, no studies have evaluated the consistency of biomarker levels in people who smoke over a long-time period in real-world conditions with a large number of subjects and included use behavior and measures of nicotine metabolism. We evaluated the variability of biomarkers of nicotine exposure over approximately a 1-year period in people who exclusively smoke cigarettes, including intensity and recency of use and brand switching to assess impact on understanding associations with product characteristics. Aims and Methods Multivariate regression analysis of longitudinal repeated measures of urinary biomarkers of nicotine exposure from 916 adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study with demographic characteristics and use behavior variables. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to examine individual variation of nicotine biomarkers and the uncertainty of repeat measures at two time points (Waves 1 and 2). Results Age, race, and urinary creatinine were significant covariates of urinary cotinine. When including use behavior, recency, and intensity of use were highly significant and variance decreased to a higher extent between than within subjects. The ICC for urinary cotinine decreased from 0.7530 with no use behavior variables in the model to 0.5763 when included. Similar results were found for total nicotine equivalents. Conclusions Urinary nicotine biomarkers in the PATH Study showed good consistency between Waves 1 and 2. Use behavior measures such as time since last smoked a cigarette and number of cigarettes smoked in the past 30 days are important to include when assessing factors that may influence biomarker concentrations. Implications The results of this study show that the consistency of the nicotine biomarkers cotinine and total nicotine equivalents in spot urine samples from Waves 1 to 2 of the PATH Study is high enough that these data are useful to evaluate the association of cigarette characteristics with biomarkers of exposure under real-world use conditions.

Funder

National Institute on Drug Abuse

National Institutes of Health

Center for Tobacco Products

Food and Drug Administration

Department of Health and Human Services

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Reference28 articles.

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2. Assessing secondhand smoke using biological markers;Avila-Tang;Tob Control.,2013

3. Nicotine yield from machine-smoked cigarettes and nicotine intakes in smokers: evidence from a representative population survey;Jarvis;J Natl Cancer Inst.,2001

4. Trends in the exposure of nonsmokers in the U.S. population to secondhand smoke: 1988–2002;Pirkle;Environ Health Perspect.,2006

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