Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Carbon and Nitrogen Inputs by Net Precipitation in Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract Understanding both carbon and nitrogen temporal and spatial inputs by rainfall in tropical forests is critical for proper forest conservation and management and might ultimately elucidate how climate change might affect nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems. This study aimed to quantify the net precipitation contribution to the Atlantic Forest’s total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N), identifying potential differences between these inputs regarding temporal (seasonal and monthly) and spatial scales. Rainfall samples were collected before and after interacting with the forest canopy from May 2018 to April 2019. The rainfall was enriched after crossing the forest canopy. Significant differences were found for gross rainfall and net precipitation between annual carbon (104.13 kg ha−1 and 193.18 kg ha−1) and nitrogen (16.81 kg ha−1 and 36.95 kg ha−1) inputs, respectively. Moreover, there was seasonal variability in the C and N inputs with 75% occurring in the wet season. Overall, the spatial patterns revealed that the same locations had the highest inputs regardless of the analyzed period. The forest-rainfall interactions provide constant C and N inputs, especially in the wet season, and are fundamental for the maintenance of ecological processes.