1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 , Japan
2. Department of Frontier Cardiovascular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
3. Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health , Saitama , Japan
4. Department of Advanced Cardiology, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
5. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
6. International University of Health and Welfare , Tokyo , Japan