Simulation of the Mediterranean tsunami generated by the Mw 6.0 event offshore Bejaia (Algeria) on 18 March 2021

Author:

Heinrich P1,Dupont A1,Menager M2ORCID,Trilla A1,Gailler A1,Delouis B3,Hébert H1

Affiliation:

1. CEA, DAM, DIF , F-91297 Arpajon , France

2. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Observatoire volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise , 97418 La Plaine des Cafres , La Réunion

3. Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur , 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne , France

Abstract

SUMMARY On 18 March 2021 an earthquake of magnitude Mw = 6.0 occurred offshore the Algerian coasts and generated a tsunami with offshore amplitudes smaller than a few millimetres crossing the western Mediterranean Sea. The objective of this study is threefold: first, to determine whether seismic sources calculated in the context of tsunami early warning are relevant; secondly, to determine whether tsunami simulations are able to reproduce tide-gauge observations and thirdly, to define the sensitivity of simulations to the grid resolutions and tsunami parameters. In the Mediterranean Sea, a very small number of available coastal tide gauges recorded the tsunami. Among them, a few French tide gauge stations recorded water waves with amplitudes smaller than a few centimetres and with periods ranging from 5 to 20 min associated to harbour or bay resonances. Numerical simulations of the tsunami are performed by the operational code Taitoko for seven different source fault models. Three of them allow for a rapid source detection and characterization in the framework of tsunami warning at CENALT (Centre National d'Alerte aux Tsunamis, France). The integrated code Taitoko uses a system of multiple nested grids. Standard Boussinesq equations are solved in the Mediterranean grid, whereas non-linear shallow water equations are solved in coastal and harbour grids with 25 and 5 m resolutions, respectively. Whatever the fault model, the observed time-series of water heights are reproduced satisfactorily both in phase and amplitude by the model at Nice and Monaco but poorly at Port Mahon (Minorca) and Toulon.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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