The association of circulating lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins with risk of endometriosis: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract

Abstract Background Endometriosis is a poorly understood disease that affects up to 196 million women worldwide and imposes high costs in terms of economic burden and quality of life of women. Traits of circulating lipids have been related to the onset and progression of endometriosis in previous observational studies but the results have remained contradictory. Methods We performed univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using instrument variables to genetically predict the associations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and B from the UK Biobank with endometriosis (consisting of 8288 cases and 68 969 controls from the FinnGen consortium). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary estimate, whereas MR-Egger and weighted median were conducted as complements to the IVW model. Results Increased levels of triglycerides were associated with higher risk of endometriosis and endometriosis of the pelvic peritoneum in the univariable MR analyses. In multivariable MR analysis including apoB, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in the same model, triglycerides still retained a robust effect. Decreased levels of apoA-I and HDL cholesterol were associated with increased risk of endometriosis and endometriosis of the pelvic peritoneum in univariable MR analyses. After mutual adjustment, HDL cholesterol retained a robust effect whereas the association for apoA-I was attenuated. Conclusions This is the first MR-based evidence to suggest that triglycerides and HDL cholesterol are the predominant traits that account for the aetiological relationship of lipoprotein lipids with risk of endometriosis, in particular endometriosis of the pelvic peritoneum. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to address these results.