Leprosy Caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis

Author:

Romero-Navarrete Marina1,Arenas Roberto2,Han Xiang Y3ORCID,Vega-Memije Maria Elisa4,Castillo-Solana Aureliano D1

Affiliation:

1. General Hospital of Acapulco , Acapulco , Mexico

2. General Hospital Dr Manuel Gea González , Mexico City , Mexico s

3. Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA

4. General Hospital Dr Manuel Gea González , Mexico City , Mexico

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. This study reviews literature on M lepromatosis and reports on a Mexican family with this infection. Methods The review included all primary studies. Family history and surveys were used to uncover the infection cluster. Genome-based differential polymerase chain reactions were designed to detect etiologic agents. Results Since the discovery of M lepromatosis in 2008, 154 cases of M lepromatosis infection from 11 countries in the Americas and Asia have been reported, with most cases coming from Mexico. These cases included diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL) and other leprosy forms. Genomes of M lepromatosis strains have lately been sequenced, revealing 3,271,694 nucleotides and approximately 15% mismatches with M leprae. The Mexican family with leprosy involved the grandfather, mother, and 2 grandsons. The index was the oldest grandson, who manifested DLL and likely contracted the infection from his maternal grandfather approximately 13 years earlier. Family surveys diagnosed DLL in the index patient’s mother and borderline leprosy in his brother; both were likely infected by the index patient. M lepromatosis was identified from archived biopsies from the index patient and his mother, while M leprae was excluded. Conclusions M lepromatosis is a significant cause of leprosy in Mexico and requires better surveillance and control.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine

Reference48 articles.

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3. A new Mycobacterium species causing diffuse lepromatous leprosy;Han;Am J Clin Pathol.,2008

4. The “spotted” leprosy of Lucio (la lepra manchada de Lucio): an introduction to its clinical and histological study;Latapí;Int J Lepr.,1948

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