Turbulence dynamics and flow speeds in the inner solar corona: results from radio-sounding experiments by the Akatsuki spacecraft

Abstract

ABSTRACT The solar inner corona is a region that plays a critical role in energizing the solar wind and propelling it to supersonic and supra-Alfvénic velocities. Despite its importance, this region remains poorly understood because of being least explored due to observational limitations. The coronal radio-sounding technique in this context becomes useful as it helps in providing information in parts of this least explored region. To shed light on the dynamics of the solar wind in the inner corona, we conducted a study using data obtained from coronal radio-sounding experiments carried out by the Akatsuki spacecraft during the 2021 Venus-solar conjunction event. By analysing X-band radio signals recorded at two ground stations (Indian Deep Space Network in Bangalore and Usuda Deep Space Center in Japan), we investigated plasma turbulence characteristics and estimated flow speed measurements based on isotropic quasi-static turbulence models. Our analysis revealed that the speed of the solar wind in the inner corona (at heliocentric distances from 5 to 13 solar radii), ranging from 220 to 550 km s−1, was higher than the expected average flow speeds in this region. By integrating our radio-sounding results with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images of the solar disc, we gained a unique perspective on the properties and energization of high-velocity plasma streams originating from coronal holes. We tracked the evolution of fast solar wind streams emanating from an extended coronal hole as they propagated to increasing heliocentric distances. Our study provides unique insights into the least-explored inner coronal region by corroborating radio-sounding results with EUV observations of the corona.