Plateaus, dips, and rebrightenings during the outbursts of WZ Sge: no magnetic propeller, but a veiling curtain

Abstract

ABSTRACT WZ Sge is the prototype of highly evolved, low-accretion rate dwarf novae (DNe). During the decline from eruptions, its light curve displays a ‘dip’ followed by ≃10 ‘echo outbursts’. The standard disc instability model does not account for this behaviour, which is also seen in other low-accretion rate DNe. One recent interpretation for these rapid brightness changes is that they represent transitions into and out of a magnetic propeller regime. Here, we test this scenario with time-resolved, ultraviolet spectroscopy taken with the Hubble Space Telescope just before, during and after the dip in WZ Sge’s 2001 eruption. We find no distinctive or unique signatures that could be attributed to a propeller in either the time-averaged UV spectrum or the variability spectrum. Thus the data do not support the magnetic propeller scenario. Instead of resolving the mystery of WZ Sge’s outburst light curve, our study has actually added another: the origin of the narrow absorption features seen in all outburst phases. We show explicitly that these features are likely formed in a high-density ‘veiling curtain’ with a characteristic temperature $\rm T \simeq 17,000~\mathrm{K}$. However, the nature and origin of this veil are unclear. Given that WZ Sge-type DNe are the most intrinsically common class of accreting white dwarfs, resolving these questions should be a high priority.