Probing the extragalactic fast transient sky at minute time-scales with DECam

Author:

Andreoni I1234ORCID,Cooke J135,Webb S13,Rest A67,Pritchard T18,Caleb M1910ORCID,Chang S-W359ORCID,Farah W1,Lien A1112,Möller A59ORCID,Ravasio M E11314,Abbott T M C15,Bhandari S116,Cucchiara A17,Flynn C1,Jankowski F1510ORCID,Keane E F18ORCID,Moriya T J19ORCID,Onken C A59,Parthasarathy A1316ORCID,Price D C120,Petroff E2122ORCID,Ryder S223,Vohl D22,Wolf C59ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

2. Australian Astronomical Observatory, 105 Delhi Rd, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

3. ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

4. Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

5. ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Building A28, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

6. Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

8. Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway, New York, NY 10004, USA

9. Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia

10. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

11. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

12. Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA

13. Dipartimento di Fisica U2, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, Milano I-20126, Italy

14. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Bianchi 46, Merate I-23807, Italy

15. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, 1700000 La Serena, Chile

16. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia

17. College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Virgin Islands, #2 Brewers Bay Road, Charlotte Amalie 00802, USVI

18. SKA Organisation, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, UK

19. Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

20. Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

21. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

22. ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, the Netherlands

23. Department of Physics & Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Searches for optical transients are usually performed with a cadence of days to weeks, optimized for supernova discovery. The optical fast transient sky is still largely unexplored, with only a few surveys to date having placed meaningful constraints on the detection of extragalactic transients evolving at sub-hour time-scales. Here, we present the results of deep searches for dim, minute-time-scale extragalactic fast transients using the Dark Energy Camera, a core facility of our all-wavelength and all-messenger Deeper, Wider, Faster programme. We used continuous 20 s exposures to systematically probe time-scales down to 1.17 min at magnitude limits g > 23 (AB), detecting hundreds of transient and variable sources. Nine candidates passed our strict criteria on duration and non-stellarity, all of which could be classified as flare stars based on deep multiband imaging. Searches for fast radio burst and gamma-ray counterparts during simultaneous multifacility observations yielded no counterparts to the optical transients. Also, no long-term variability was detected with pre-imaging and follow-up observations using the SkyMapper optical telescope. We place upper limits for minute-time-scale fast optical transient rates for a range of depths and time-scales. Finally, we demonstrate that optical g-band light-curve behaviour alone cannot discriminate between confirmed extragalactic fast transients such as prompt GRB flashes and Galactic stellar flares.

Funder

Australian Research Council

Australian Astronomical Observatory

National Science Foundation

European Research Council

Horizon 2020

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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