Detectability of the gravitational redshift effect from the asymmetric galaxy clustering

Author:

Saga Shohei1ORCID,Taruya Atsushi23ORCID,Rasera Yann4,Breton Michel-Andrès5

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France

2. Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

3. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan

4. Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Université de Paris, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France

5. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, F-13013, France

Abstract

ABSTRACT It has been recently recognized that the observational relativistic effects, mainly arising from the light propagation in an inhomogeneous universe, induce the dipole asymmetry in the cross-correlation function of galaxies. In particular, the dipole asymmetry at small scales is shown to be dominated by the gravitational redshift effects. In this paper, we exploit a simple analytical description for the dipole asymmetry in the cross-correlation function valid at quasi-linear regime. In contrast to the previous model, a new prescription involves only 1D integrals, providing a faster way to reproduce the results obtained by Saga et al. Using the analytical model, we discuss the detectability of the dipole signal induced by the gravitational redshift effect from upcoming galaxy surveys. The gravitational redshift effect at small scales enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the dipole, and in most of the cases considered, the S/N is found to reach a maximum at z ≈ 0.5. We show that current and future surveys such as DESI and SKA provide an idealistic data set, giving a large S/N of 10–20. Two potential systematics arising from off-centred galaxies are also discussed (transverse Doppler effect and diminution of the gravitational redshift effect), and their impacts are found to be mitigated by a partial cancellation between two competitive effects. Thus, the detection of the dipole signal at small scales is directly linked to the gravitational redshift effect, and should provide an alternative route to test gravity.

Funder

JSPS

Grand Équipement National De Calcul Intensif

MEXT

JST

AIP

Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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