Black and White Young Adults’ Support to Midlife Parents

Author:

Wood Kristie A1ORCID,Kim Yijung K2ORCID,Ng Yee T3,Huo Meng4ORCID,Fingerman Karen L3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

2. Texas Aging & Longevity Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

3. Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

4. Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Prior research suggests that midlife adults in Black and non-Hispanic White families differ in support patterns to aging parents. It is unclear whether such racial differences exist in young adulthood. We examined Black and White young adults’ support to their midlife parents and underlying mechanisms to explain within-racial group, family-level differences. Method Young adults (aged 18–30; Black n = 107 and White n = 351) from the Family Exchanges Study 2 reported how often they provided tangible (practical) and intangible (emotional support and advice) support to each parent. Participants also reported beliefs about obligation to support parents, rewards from helping, and parental needs. Results On average, Black young adults provided more tangible and intangible support than White young adults. Feelings of reward predicted why young adults in some Black and White families gave more support than those in other families. Parental needs explained tangible support in Black families and intangible support in White families. Within families, rewards and parental needs drove Black offspring to give more intangible support than their siblings, while obligation motivated White offspring. Discussion Consistent with support patterns evident in older adulthood, Black young adults gave more tangible and intangible support to their midlife parents compared to White young adults. Within-race support patterns were explained by different factors informed by the Multidimensional Intergenerational Support Model. Findings suggest psychological factors contribute to between- and within-racial patterns of exchanges.

Funder

National Institute on Aging

Population Research Center

MacArthur Network on Transitions to Adulthood

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology,Gerontology,Clinical Psychology,Social Psychology

Reference22 articles.

1. Adult children’s problems and successes: Implications for intergenerational ambivalence;Birditt;The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences,2010

2. Race and ethnic variation in norms of filial responsibility among older persons;Burr;Journal of Marriage and Family,1999

3. Young adults’ provision of support to middle-aged parents;Cheng;The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences,2015

4. Antecedents of intergenerational support: Families in context and families as context;Davey;Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics,2004

5. The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman–Brown?;Eisinga;International Journal of Public Health,2013

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