Occupations Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Vaccination, US Blood Donors, May 2021–December 2021
Author:
Shah Melisa M1, Spencer Bryan R2, Feldstein Leora R1, Haynes James M2, Benoit Tina J1, Saydah Sharon H1, Groenewold Matthew R3, Stramer Susan L4, Jones Jefferson M1
Affiliation:
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Task Force , Atlanta, Georgia , USA 2. American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs , Dedham, Massachusetts , USA 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Atlanta, Georgia , USA 4. American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs , Gaithersburg, Maryland , USA
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are limited data on the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United States by occupation. We identified occupations at higher risk for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection as defined by the presence of infection-induced antibodies among US blood donors.
Methods
Using a nested case-control study design, blood donors during May–December 2021 with anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) testing were sent an electronic survey on employment status, vaccination, and occupation. The association between previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and occupation-specific in-person work was estimated using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, month of donation, race and ethnicity, education, vaccination, and telework.
Results
Among 85 986 included survey respondents, 9504 (11.1%) were anti-N reactive. Healthcare support (20.3%), protective service (19.9%), and food preparation and serving related occupations (19.7%) had the highest proportion of prior infection. After adjustment, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with healthcare practitioners (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74–2.54) and healthcare support (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.39–2.40) occupations compared with computer and mathematical occupations as the referent group. Lack of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination (aOR, 16.13; 95% CI, 15.01–17.34) and never teleworking (aOR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.30) were also independently associated with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Construction and extraction occupations had the highest proportion of unvaccinated workers (30.5%).
Conclusions
Workers in healthcare, protective services, and food preparation had the highest prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Occupational risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection remained after adjusting for vaccination, telework, and demographic factors. These findings underscore the need for mitigation measures and personal protection in healthcare settings and other workplaces.
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)
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