Relative Effectiveness of the MF59-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Versus High-Dose Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults With Influenza Risk Factors During the 2019–2020 US Influenza Season

Abstract

Abstract Background This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV) versus high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-TIV) for prevention of influenza-related medical encounters (IRMEs) during the 2019–2020 United States (US) influenza season stratified by the cumulative number of influenza risk factors. A secondary objective evaluated outpatient IRMEs and influenza- and pneumonia-related hospitalizations. Methods This retrospective cohort study included US adults ≥65 years old vaccinated with aTIV or HD-TIV between 1 August 2019 and 31 January 2020. Electronic health records linked to claims were used to ascertain exposure, covariates, risk factors, and outcomes. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were derived using inverse probability of treatment–weighted samples to calculate rVEs independently for individuals with 0, ≥1, 1–2, or ≥3 risk factors. Results The study included 1 115 725 aTIV and 2 561 718 HD-TIV recipients. For the primary outcome of any IRME, the analysis found comparable effectiveness between aTIV and HD-TIV (rVE, 5.2% [95% confidence interval {CI}, −5.9% to 15.1%]) among those with 0 risk factors, whereas aTIV was more effective than HD-TIV among patients with ≥1, 1–2, or ≥3 risk factors (12.5% [95% CI, 10.0%–15.0%], 18.4% [95% CI, 13.7%–22.9%], and 10.4% [7.4%–13.3%], respectively). The same trends were observed for the secondary outcomes. Conclusions This study demonstrated comparable effectiveness of aTIV and HD-TIV among individuals with no identified risk factors and higher effectiveness of aTIV compared with HD-TIV in preventing any IRMEs, outpatient IRMEs, and influenza- or pneumonia-related hospitalizations among those with at least 1 or multiple high-risk factors in adults ≥65 years old.