John Woolman’s writings demonstrate a strong conceptual and theological coherence. This chapter describes the theological flexibility available to colonists and, especially, Quakers. Woolman was an esteemed member of his religious community, while disagreeing at times with both the reasons and the methods for their religious expression. It defines theology in a Quaker context, including a discussion of the “Quietist” category that has been applied to Woolman and skewed scholarly interpretations of his writings. Additionally, this chapter defines apocalypticism broadly to account for the variety of apocalyptic sentiments. Other approaches to Woolman and eighteenth-century Quakers, such as those by Kathryn Damiano, Geoffrey Plank, and Rufus Jones, are evaluated. The structure of the book is then explained, giving an overview of its contents.