Micro Methods for Megafauna: Novel Approaches to Late Quaternary Extinctions and Their Contributions to Faunal Conservation in the Anthropocene

Author:

Swift Jillian A12ORCID,Bunce Michael3,Dortch Joe4,Douglass Kristina5,Faith J Tyler6,Fellows Yates James A7,Field Judith8,Haberle Simon G910,Jacob Eileen11,Johnson Chris N1012,Lindsey Emily13,Lorenzen Eline D14,Louys Julien15,Miller Gifford16,Mychajliw Alexis M13ORCID,Slon Viviane17,Villavicencio Natalia A1819,Waters Michael R20,Welker Frido21,Wood Rachel22,Petraglia Michael1,Boivin Nicole1,Roberts Patrick1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany

2. Anthropology Department of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawai’i

3. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia

4. Centre for Rock Art Research and Management, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

5. Department of Anthropology and with the Institutes for Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania

6. Natural History Museum of Utah and with the Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

7. Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany

8. School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

9. College of Asia and the Pacific and the School of Culture, History, and Language, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

10. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence, Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia

11. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, England

12. School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

13. La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, part of the Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California

14. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15. Australian Research Center for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

16. INSTAAR and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder

17. Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

18. Departamento de Ecología, in the Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

19. Instituto de Ecología and Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile

20. Center for the Study of the First Americans, the Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

21. Evolutionary Genomics Section of the GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, and with the Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

22. Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Abstract

AbstractDrivers of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions are relevant to modern conservation policy in a world of growing human population density, climate change, and faunal decline. Traditional debates tend toward global solutions, blaming either dramatic climate change or dispersals of Homo sapiens to new regions. Inherent limitations to archaeological and paleontological data sets often require reliance on scant, poorly resolved lines of evidence. However, recent developments in scientific technologies allow for more local, context-specific approaches. In the present article, we highlight how developments in five such methodologies (radiocarbon approaches, stable isotope analysis, ancient DNA, ancient proteomics, microscopy) have helped drive detailed analysis of specific megafaunal species, their particular ecological settings, and responses to new competitors or predators, climate change, and other external phenomena. The detailed case studies of faunal community composition, extinction chronologies, and demographic trends enabled by these methods examine megafaunal extinctions at scales appropriate for practical understanding of threats against particular species in their habitats today.

Funder

European Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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