The Kinematics of Proal Chewing in Rats

Author:

McParland E D12,Mitchell J K1,Laurence-Chasen J D34,Aspinwall L C1,Afolabi O15,Takahashi K3,Ross C F3,Gidmark N J13

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Knox College , Galesburg, IL 61401 , USA

2. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912 , USA

3. Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 , USA

4. National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, CO 80401 , USA

5. College of Medicine, American University of Antigua , Osbourn , Antigua & Barbuda

Abstract

Synopsis Chewing kinematics are well-documented in several mammal species with fused mandibular symphyses, but relatively understudied in mammals with an unfused symphysis, despite the fact that more than half of extant Mammalia have an unfused mandibular symphysis. The Wistar brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) is widely used in human health research, including studies of mastication or neurological studies where mastication is the output behavior. These animals are known to have unfused mandibular symphyses and proal jaw (rostrocaudal) motion during occlusion, but the lack of high resolution, 3-dimensional analysis of rat chewing leaves the functional significance of symphyseal mobility unknown. We used biplanar fluoroscopy and the X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology workflow to quantify chewing kinematics in 3 brown rats, quantifying overall jaw kinematics, including motions about the temporomandibular joint and unfused mandibular symphysis. During occlusion, the teeth and the mandibular condyle translate almost exclusively anteriorly (proal) during occlusion, with little motion in any other degrees of freedom. At the symphysis, we observed minimal flexion throughout the chew cycle. Overall, there are fundamental differences in jaw kinematics between rats and other mammals and therefore rats are not an appropriate proxy for ancestral mammal jaw mechanics. Additionally, differences between humans and rat chewing kinematics must be considered when using rats as a clinical model for pathological feeding research.

Funder

Knox College

NIH

University of Chicago

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

NIDCR

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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