1. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, and
2. Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, and
3. Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
4. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA