Pneumococcal vaccination effectiveness (PCV13 and PPSV23) in individuals with and without reduced kidney function: a test-negative design study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination effectiveness (VE) in individuals with reduced kidney function is unknown. We estimated pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), and combined PCV13 and PPSV23 effectiveness against pneumococcal disease in individuals with and without reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods All eligible individuals (case and controls) were adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalized within the Geisinger Health System and required to have S. pneumoniae urinary antigen testing (i.e. test-negative design). Vaccination records were obtained from the electronic health record and statewide vaccination registry. After controlling for the probability of receiving a pneumococcal vaccine, we used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of vaccination between those who did and did not meet the S. pneumoniae case definition. VE was calculated as (1 – OR) × 100%. Results There were 180 cases and 3889 controls (mean age 69 years, female 48%, white 97%, mean eGFR 71 mL/min/1.73 m2). The adjusted population PCV13 VE was 39% (95% CI 13%–58%), and combination PCV13 and PPSV23 was 39% (95% CI 12%–58%). PPSV23 VE was –3.7% (95% CI –57% to 32%). Stratified by eGFR, adjusted PCV13 VE was consistent in eGFR ≥60 [VE 38% (95% CI 2.9%–61%)] and 30–59 [VE 61% (95% CI 24%–80%)] without significant interaction. VE was not calculable for eGFR <30 due to small sample size. Conclusion PCV13 vaccination was associated with reduced risk of S. pneumoniae hospitalization in individuals with a reduced eGFR (30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2).