Resequencing of reindeer genomes provides clues to their docile habits

Author:

Wu Baosheng1,Ren Qingmiao1,Yan Xiaoting1,Zhao Fei2,Qin Tao1,Xin Peidong1,Cui Xinxin1,Wang Kun1ORCID,Du Rui34,Røed Knut H5,Côté Steeve D6,Yannic Glenn7,Li Zhipeng2,Qiu Qiang1

Affiliation:

1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an , China

2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , China

3. Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer , Changchun , China

4. College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , China

5. Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Ås , Norway

6. Département de Biologie, Caribou Ungava, Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval , Québec, QC , Canada

7. Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA , Grenoble , France

Abstract

Abstract Reindeer have long been served as vital subsistence resources for inhabitants of Arctic and subarctic regions owing to their domestication. However, the evolutionary relationships and divergence times among different reindeer populations, genetic traits that distinguish domesticated reindeer, and factors that contribute to their relative docility compared with that of other Cervidae specie, remain unclear. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of 32 individuals from wild and domestic reindeer populations that inhabit Arctic and subarctic regions. We found that reindeer experienced 2 or more independent domestication events characterized by weak artificial selection pressure and limited significant differences in genomic parameters between wild and domestic populations. Alterations in conserved noncoding elements in the reindeer genomes, particularly those associated with nervous system development, may have contributed to their domestication by rendering the nervous system less responsive. Together, our results suggest that inherent species-specific traits, rather than intense artificial selection, may have played a significant role in the relatively docile behavior of reindeer and offer valuable insights into the domestication process of these animals.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Northwestern Polytechnic University

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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