Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in schools: global overview on the WASH programme

Abstract

Abstract Context Safe drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene are crucial to human health and well-being. Safe WASH is not only a prerequisite to health, but contributes to livelihoods, school attendance and dignity and helps to create resilient communities living in healthy environments. WHO and UNICEF, through the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), produce internationally comparable estimates of progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and are responsible for monitoring the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to WASH. Since the establishment of the SDGs, the JMP has published global baseline reports on WASH in households (2017), WASH in schools (2018) and WASH in health care facilities (2019), and a progress update on households (2019). Objectives To put the European findings in a global perspective regarding school toilets. Results Findings from the last report published under this JMP (2021) will be presented, updating national, regional and global estimates for WASH in schools up to the year 2019, with a special focus on the implications for ensuring the safety of students and school staff during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using service ladders to benchmark and compare progress across countries on WASH in schools by tracking progress towards a basic level of service, as the indicator used for global monitoring of SDG targets related to WASH in schools, we will see that situations are contrasted. Globally 63% of schools had a basic sanitation service in 2019, while it is the case of 99% of schools in Europe and Northern America. The differences are of the same level regarding basic drinking water service in schools (respectively 69% vs. 99%), as well as for basic hygiene (resp. 57% vs. 98%). Conclusions Those results illustrate the paradox that existence of a given facility, access and use are not equivalent and need to be explored further.