Construct Validation of Personality Measures

Abstract

Abstract Current construct validity theory emphasizes the following points. The process of validating measures of unobservable constructs is also the process of validating theories of psychological functioning. That process is ongoing for each measure and theory: Construct validity is never fully established but, rather, evidence for the validity of measures and theories accrues over time. To facilitate the process, researchers should conduct validation tests that are as informative as possible—that is, that directly address core components of one’s theory. Measure and theory validation should be conducted on measures of homogeneous constructs: The use of single scores to represent multidimensional entities cannot be defended. An important issue concerning validating the claims of personality theory involves understanding the relationship between self-reports of general tendencies and daily moment-to-moment reports of reactions and behavior. Noting the significant amount of variance shared between various forms of psychopathology and facets of personality, researchers have utilized bifactor modeling to extract general factors of psychopathology and personality. These new models present unique challenges for construct validation. Extraordinary progress has been made in the study of personality, and the further implementation of sound construct validation principles will lead to continued, improved, and successful measure and theory validation in the future.