1. Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains , Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, , 5268 Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
2. Northeast Normal University , Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, , 5268 Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 4888 Shengbei Street, Kuancheng District, Changchun 130102, China
4. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL , Zuercherstrasse111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
5. Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich , Universitaetsstrasse 16, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
6. Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1363 Shengtai Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130033, China
7. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management , Institute of Applied Ecology, , 72 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
8. Chinese Academy of Sciences , Institute of Applied Ecology, , 72 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
9. School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211, USA