Morphological Development Trajectory and Structural Covariance Network of the Human Fetal Cortical Plate during the Early Second Trimester

Author:

Xu Feifei123,Liu Mengting3,Kim Sharon Y3,Ge Xinting13,Zhang Zhonghe14,Tang Yuchun12,Lin Xiangtao14,Toga Arthur W3,Liu Shuwei12,Kim Hosung3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China

2. Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China

3. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Steven Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

4. Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China

Abstract

Abstract During the early second trimester, the cortical plate, or “the developing cortex”, undergoes immensely complex and rapid development to complete its major complement of neurons. However, morphological development of the cortical plate and the precise patterning of brain structural covariance networks during this period remain unexplored. In this study, we used 7.0 T high-resolution magnetic resonance images of brain specimens ranging from 14 to 22 gestational weeks to manually segment the cortical plate. Thickness, area expansion, and curvature (i.e., folding) across the cortical plate regions were computed, and correlations of thickness values among different cortical plate regions were measured to analyze fetal cortico-cortical structural covariance throughout development of the early second trimester. The cortical plate displayed significant increases in thickness and expansions in area throughout all regions but changes of curvature in only certain major sulci. The topological architecture and network properties of fetal brain covariance presented immature and inefficient organizations with low degree of integration and high degree of segregation. Altogether, our results provide novel insight on the developmental patterning of cortical plate thickness and the developmental origin of brain network architecture throughout the early second trimester.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

Major scientific and technological innovation projects of Shandong Province

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Cognitive Neuroscience

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