Long COVID: what is known and what gaps need to be addressed

Author:

Krishna Benjamin12,Wills Mark12,Sithole Nyaradzai123

Affiliation:

1. Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) , Cambridge CB2 0AW , UK

2. University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , UK

3. Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Department of Infectious Diseases, , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , UK

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Long COVID is a chronic condition that follows after acute COVID-19 and is characterized by a wide range of persistent, cyclic symptoms. Sources of data PubMed search for publications featuring ‘Long COVID’ or ‘post-acute sequelae of COVID-19’. Areas of agreement Long COVID occurs frequently post-acute COVID-19, with a majority of people experiencing at least one symptom (such as cough, fatigue, myalgia, anosmia and dyspnoea) 4 weeks after infection. Areas of controversy The specific symptoms and the minimum duration of symptoms required to be defined as Long COVID. Growing points There is a consistent reduction in Long COVID incidence amongst vaccinated individuals, although the extent of this effect remains unclear. Areas timely for developing research There is an urgent need to understand the causes of Long COVID, especially extreme fatigue more than 6 months after infection. We must understand who is at risk and whether reinfections similarly risk Long COVID.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine

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