Using Visual and Digital Imagery to Quantify Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Densities

Author:

Smythe Brandon1,Boxler David2,Brewer Gary2,Psota Eric3,Watson D Wes4

Affiliation:

1. The Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM

2. Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE

3. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE

4. Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

Abstract

Abstract The horn fly, Haematobia irritans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a persistent pest of cattle globally. A threshold of 200 flies per animal is considered the standard management goal; however, determining when that threshold has been exceeded is difficult using visual estimates that tend to overestimate the actual fly densities and are, at best, subjective. As a result, a more reliable and durable method of determining horn fly densities is needed. Here, we describe the methods commonly used to quantify horn fly densities including visual estimates and digital photography, and provide examples of quantification software and the prospect for computer automation methods.

Funder

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Insect Science,General Medicine

Reference44 articles.

1. Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy heifers;Anderson;J. Dairy Sci,2012

2. Impact of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), on the behavior of beef steers;Boland;Prof. An. Sci,2008

3. The history and biology of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus); with comments on control;Bruce;North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull,1964

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