Impact of halogen chemistry on summertime air quality in coastal and continental Europe: application of the CMAQ model and implications for regulation
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Published:2019-12-16
Issue:24
Volume:19
Page:15321-15337
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Li QinyiORCID, Borge RafaelORCID, Sarwar Golam, de la Paz DavidORCID, Gantt Brett, Domingo Jessica, Cuevas Carlos A., Saiz-Lopez AlfonsoORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Halogen (Cl, Br, and I) chemistry has been reported to influence the
formation of secondary air pollutants. Previous studies mostly focused on
the impact of chlorine species on air quality over large spatial scales.
Very little attention has been paid to the effect of the combined halogen
chemistry on air quality over Europe and its implications for control
policy. In the present study, we apply a widely used regional model, the
Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ), incorporated with
the latest halogen sources and chemistry, to simulate the abundance of
halogen species over Europe and to examine the role of halogens in the
formation of secondary air pollution. The results suggest that the CMAQ
model is able to reproduce the level of O3, NO2, and halogen species over Europe. Chlorine chemistry slightly increases the levels of OH, HO2, NO3, O3, and NO2 and substantially enhances the level of the Cl radical. Combined halogen chemistry induces complex effects on OH (ranging from −0.023 to 0.030 pptv) and HO2 (in the range of −3.7 to 0.73 pptv), significantly reduces the concentrations of NO3 (as much as 20 pptv) and O3 (as much as 10 ppbv), and decreases NO2 in highly polluted regions (as much as 1.7 ppbv); it increases NO2 (up to 0.20 ppbv) in other areas. The maximum effects of halogen chemistry occur over oceanic and coastal regions, but some noticeable impacts also occur over continental Europe. Halogen chemistry
affects the number of days exceeding the European Union target threshold for the protection of human beings and vegetation from ambient O3. In light of the significant impact of halogen chemistry on air quality, we recommend that halogen chemistry be considered for inclusion in air quality policy assessments, particularly in coastal cities.
Funder
H2020 European Research Council
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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