Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global fires and their emissions
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Published:2023-07-14
Issue:13
Volume:23
Page:7781-7798
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Fan HaoORCID, Yang Xingchuan, Zhao ChuanfengORCID, Yang YikunORCID, Shen Zhenyao
Abstract
Abstract. Intense regional fires are a common occurrence in the
context of climate warming and have progressively evolved into one of the
major natural disasters in terrestrial ecosystems, posing a serious hazard
to the atmosphere and climate change. We investigated the spatial
distribution, intensity, emission changes, and meteorological differences between
fires in different fire-active and fire-prone regions globally based on
multi-source satellite remote sensing fire data, emission data, and
meteorological data in order to better understand the change trend of fire
activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The findings demonstrate
that while the burned area (BA) has decreased slowly over the last 20
years, the burned fraction (BF), the fire count (FC), and the fire
radiative power (FRP) all exhibit pronounced regional and seasonal
variations. The physical characteristics of fires, including the BF, FC, and
FRP, experience greater seasonal variation as latitude increases, with
summer and autumn being the seasons with the most frequent fire occurrence worldwide.
This study also shows that the emissions declined substantially between 2012
and 2020 in northern Canada, Alaska, and northeastern China, whereas it notably
increased in the Siberia region during the same period, primarily due to a
rise in summer emissions. The results based on classification show that the
difference in CO2 produced by fires among regions is relatively small.
Excluding CO2, aerosol emissions (the total of organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), black carbon (BC)) ranged
from 78.6 % to 84.2 %, while the least significant air pollutants (the
total of PM2.5, SO2, and NOx) ranged from 5.8 % to 11.7 %. The
abundance of vegetation predominately affects the intensity change in fire
development, while the weather conditions can also indirectly influence the
incidence of fire by altering the growth condition of vegetation.
Correspondingly, the increase in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere's
middle- and high-latitude forest regions is likely the major cause for the
increase in fires and emissions, while the change in fires in tropical
regions was largely influenced by the decrease in precipitation and relative
humidity. This study contributes to the understanding of regional variations
in fire activity and emission variability and provides support for the
control of fire activity across regions and seasons.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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