The global climatology of the intensity of the ionospheric sporadic <i>E</i> layer
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Published:2019-04-02
Issue:6
Volume:19
Page:4139-4151
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Yu BingkunORCID, Xue XianghuiORCID, Yue Xin'an, Yang Chengyun, Yu ChaoORCID, Dou Xiankang, Ning Baiqi, Hu Lianhuan
Abstract
Abstract. On the basis of S4max data retrieved from COSMIC GPS radio occultation
measurements, the long-term climatology of the intensity of Es layers is
investigated for the period from December 2006 to January 2014. Global maps
of Es intensity show the high-spatial-resolution geographical distribution
and strong seasonal dependence of Es layers. The maximum intensity of
Es occurs over the mid-latitudes, and its value in summer is 2–3 times
larger than that in winter. A relatively strong Es layer is observed at
the North Pole and South Pole, with a distinct boundary dividing the mid-latitudes
and high latitudes along the 60–80∘ geomagnetic
latitude band. The simulation results show that the convergence of vertical
ion velocity could partially explain the seasonal dependence of Es
intensity. Furthermore, some disagreements between the distributions of the
calculated divergence of vertical ion velocity and the observed Es
intensity indicate that other processes, such as the vertical motions of
gravity waves, magnetic-field effects, meteoric mass influx into Earth's
atmosphere, and the chemical processes of metallic ions, should also be
considered as they may also play an important role in the spatial and
seasonal variations in Es layers.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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