Local-to-regional methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) quantified using UAV-based atmospheric measurements
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Published:2023-05-08
Issue:9
Volume:23
Page:5191-5216
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Andersen Truls, Zhao Zhao, de Vries Marcel, Necki Jaroslaw, Swolkien JustynaORCID, Menoud MalikaORCID, Röckmann ThomasORCID, Roiger Anke, Fix AndreasORCID, Peters Wouter, Chen HuilinORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Coal mining accounts for ∼12 % of the total
anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions worldwide. The Upper Silesian
Coal Basin (USCB), Poland, where large quantities of CH4 are emitted to the
atmosphere via ventilation shafts of underground hard coal (anthracite)
mines, is one of the hot spots of methane emissions in Europe. However,
coal bed CH4 emissions into the atmosphere are poorly characterized. As
part of the carbon dioxide and CH4 mission 1.0 (CoMet 1.0) that took
place in May–June 2018, we flew a recently developed active AirCore
system aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to obtain CH4 and
CO2 mole fractions 150–300 m downwind of five individual ventilation
shafts in the USCB. In addition, we also measured δ13C-CH4, δ2H-CH4, ambient temperature,
pressure, relative humidity, surface wind speed, and surface wind direction. We used 34
UAV flights and two different approaches (inverse Gaussian approach and mass
balance approach) to quantify the emissions from individual shafts. The
quantified emissions were compared to both annual and hourly inventory data
and were used to derive the estimates of CH4 emissions in the USCB. We
found a high correlation (R2=0.7–0.9) between the quantified and
hourly inventory data-based shaft-averaged CH4 emissions, which in
principle would allow regional estimates of CH4 emissions to be derived
by upscaling individual hourly inventory data of all shafts. Currently, such
inventory data is available only for the five shafts we quantified. As an
alternative, we have developed three upscaling approaches, i.e., by scaling
the European Pollutant Release and
Transfer Register (E-PRTR) annual inventory, the quantified shaft-averaged emission rate,
and the shaft-averaged emission rate, which are derived from the hourly
emission inventory. These estimates are in the range of 256–383 kt CH4 yr−1 for the inverse Gaussian (IG) approach and 228–339 kt CH4 yr−1 for the mass balance (MB)
approach. We have also estimated the total CO2 emissions
from coal mining ventilation shafts based on the observed ratio of
CH4/CO2 and found that the estimated regional CO2 emissions
are not a major source of CO2 in the USCB. This study shows that the
UAV-based active AirCore system can be a useful tool to quantify local to
regional point source methane emissions.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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