Present and future thermal regimes of intertidal groundwater springs in a threatened coastal ecosystem
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Published:2022-09-28
Issue:18
Volume:26
Page:4721-4740
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ISSN:1607-7938
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Container-title:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
Author:
KarisAllen Jason J., Mohammed Aaron A., Tamborski Joseph J., Jamieson Rob C., Danielescu Serban, Kurylyk Barret L.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract. In inland settings, groundwater discharge thermally modulates receiving
surface water bodies and provides localized thermal refuges; however, the
thermal influence of intertidal springs on coastal waters and their thermal
sensitivity to climate change are not well studied. We addressed this
knowledge gap with a field- and model-based study of a threatened coastal
lagoon ecosystem in southeastern Canada. We paired analyses of drone-based
thermal imagery with in situ thermal and hydrologic monitoring to estimate
discharge to the lagoon from intertidal springs and groundwater-dominated
streams in summer 2020. Results, which were generally supported by
independent radon-based groundwater discharge estimates, revealed that
combined summertime spring inflows (0.047 m3 s−1) were comparable
to combined stream inflows (0.050 m3 s−1). Net advection values for the
streams and springs were also comparable to each other but were 2 orders
of magnitude less than the downwelling shortwave radiation across the
lagoon. Although lagoon-scale thermal effects of groundwater inflows were
small compared to atmospheric forcing, spring discharge dominated heat
transfer at a local scale, creating pronounced cold-water plumes along the
shoreline. A numerical model was used to interpret measured groundwater temperature
data and investigate seasonal and multi-decadal groundwater temperature
patterns. Modelled seasonal temperatures were used to relate measured spring
temperatures to their respective aquifer source depths, while multi-decadal
simulations forced by historic and projected climate data were used to
assess long-term groundwater warming. Based on the 2020–2100 climate
scenarios (for which 5-year-averaged air temperature increased up to
4.32∘), modelled 5-year-averaged subsurface temperatures increased
0.08–2.23∘ in shallow groundwater (4.2 m depth) and
0.32–1.42∘ in the deeper portion of the aquifer (13.9 m),
indicating the depth dependency of warming. This study presents the first
analysis of the thermal sensitivity of groundwater-dependent coastal
ecosystems to climate change and indicates that coastal ecosystem management
should consider potential impacts of groundwater warming.
Funder
Ocean Frontier Institute Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Engineering,General Environmental Science
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