Opinion: The strength of long-term comprehensive observations to meet multiple grand challenges in different environments and in the atmosphere
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Published:2023-12-05
Issue:23
Volume:23
Page:14949-14971
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Kulmala MarkkuORCID, Lintunen Anna, Lappalainen HannaORCID, Virtanen Annele, Yan ChaoORCID, Ezhova EkaterinaORCID, Nieminen TuomoORCID, Riipinen Ilona, Makkonen Risto, Tamminen JohannaORCID, Sundström Anu-MaijaORCID, Arola AnttiORCID, Hansel ArminORCID, Lehtinen Kari, Vesala Timo, Petäjä TuukkaORCID, Bäck JaanaORCID, Kokkonen TomORCID, Kerminen Veli-MattiORCID
Abstract
Abstract. To be able to meet global grand challenges (climate change; biodiversity loss; environmental pollution; scarcity of water, food and energy supplies; acidification; deforestation; chemicalization; pandemics), which all are closely interlinked with each other, we need comprehensive open data with proper metadata, along with open science. The large data sets from ground-based in situ observations, ground and satellite remote sensing, and multiscale modeling need to be utilized seamlessly. In this opinion paper, we demonstrate the power of the SMEAR (Station for Measuring Earth surface–Atmosphere Relations) concept via several examples, such as detection of new particle formation and the particles' subsequent growth, quantifying atmosphere–ecosystem feedback loops, and combining comprehensive observations with emergency science and services, as well as studying the effect of COVID-19 restrictions on different air quality and climate variables. The future needs and the potential of comprehensive observations of the environment are summarized.
Funder
Academy of Finland Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö Jenny ja Antti Wihurin Rahasto H2020 European Research Council HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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