Nitrogen oxides in the global upper troposphere: interpreting cloud-sliced NO<sub>2</sub> observations from the OMI satellite instrument
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Published:2018-11-30
Issue:23
Volume:18
Page:17017-17027
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Marais Eloise A.ORCID, Jacob Daniel J., Choi Sungyeon, Joiner Joanna, Belmonte-Rivas Maria, Cohen Ronald C.ORCID, Beirle SteffenORCID, Murray Lee T.ORCID, Schiferl Luke D.ORCID, Shah ViralORCID, Jaeglé Lyatt
Abstract
Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx≡NO+NO2) in the
upper troposphere (UT) have a large impact on global tropospheric ozone and
OH (the main atmospheric oxidant). New cloud-sliced observations of UT
NO2 at 450–280 hPa (∼6–9 km) from the Ozone
Monitoring Instrument (OMI) produced by NASA and the Royal Netherlands
Meteorological Institute (KNMI) provide global coverage to test our
understanding of the factors controlling UT NOx. We find
that these products offer useful information when averaged over coarse scales
(20∘×32∘, seasonal), and that the NASA product is
more consistent with aircraft observations of UT NO2. Correlation
with Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and Optical Transient Detector (OTD)
satellite observations of lightning flash frequencies suggests
that lightning is the dominant source of NOx to the upper
troposphere except for extratropical latitudes in winter. The NO2
background in the absence of lightning is 10–20 pptv. We infer a global
mean NOx yield of 280±80 moles per lightning flash,
with no significant difference between the tropics and midlatitudes, and a
global lightning NOx source of 5.9±1.7 Tg N a−1. There is indication that the NOx
yield per flash increases with lightning flash footprint and with flash
energy.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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