Cultivable halotolerant ice-nucleating bacteria and fungi in coastal precipitation
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Published:2021-06-14
Issue:11
Volume:21
Page:9031-9045
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Beall Charlotte M.ORCID, Michaud Jennifer M., Fish Meredith A., Dinasquet JulieORCID, Cornwell Gavin C.ORCID, Stokes M. Dale, Burkart Michael D., Hill Thomas C.ORCID, DeMott Paul J.ORCID, Prather Kimberly A.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) represent a rare subset of aerosol particles
that initiate cloud droplet freezing at temperatures above the homogenous
freezing point of water (−38 ∘C). Considering that the ocean
covers 71 % of the Earth's surface and represents a large potential source
of INPs, it is imperative that the identities, properties and relative
emissions of ocean INPs become better understood. However, the specific
underlying drivers of marine INP emissions remain largely unknown due to
limited observations and the challenges associated with isolating rare INPs. By
generating isolated nascent sea spray aerosol (SSA) over a range of
biological conditions, mesocosm studies have shown that marine microbes can
contribute to INPs. Here, we identify 14 (30 %) cultivable halotolerant
ice-nucleating microbes and fungi among 47 total isolates recovered from
precipitation and aerosol samples collected in coastal air in southern
California. Ice-nucleating (IN) isolates collected in coastal air were nucleated ice from
extremely warm to moderate freezing temperatures (−2.3 to −18 ∘C). While some Gammaproteobacteria and fungi are known to nucleate ice at
temperatures as high as −2 ∘C, Brevibacterium sp. is the first Actinobacteria
found to be capable of ice nucleation at a relatively high freezing
temperature (−2.3 ∘C). Air mass trajectory analysis demonstrates
that marine aerosol sources were dominant during all sampling periods, and
phylogenetic analysis indicates that at least 2 of the 14 IN isolates are
closely related to marine taxa. Moreover, results from cell-washing
experiments demonstrate that most IN isolates maintained freezing activity
in the absence of nutrients and cell growth media. This study supports
previous studies that implicated microbes as a potential source of marine
INPs, and it additionally demonstrates links between precipitation, marine
aerosol and IN microbes.
Funder
National Science Foundation U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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