To what extents do urbanization and air pollution affect fog?
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Published:2020-05-12
Issue:9
Volume:20
Page:5559-5572
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Yan Shuqi,Zhu Bin,Huang Yong,Zhu Jun,Kang Hanqing,Lu Chunsong,Zhu Tong
Abstract
Abstract. The remarkable development of China has resulted in rapid
urbanization (urban heat island and dry island) and severe air pollution
(aerosol pollution). Previous studies demonstrate that these two factors
have either suppressing or promoting effects on fog, but what are the
extents of their individual and combined effects? In this study, a dense
radiation fog event in eastern China in January 2017 was reproduced by the
Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), and the
individual and combined effects of urbanization and aerosols on fog
(indicated by liquid water content – LWC) are quantitatively revealed.
Results show that urbanization inhibits low-level fog, delays its formation
and advances its dissipation due to higher temperatures and lower
saturations. In contrast, upper-level fog could be enhanced because of the
updraught-induced vapour convergence. Aerosols promote fog by increasing LWC,
increasing droplet concentration and decreasing droplet effective radius.
Further experiments show that the current pollution level in China could
still be below the critical aerosol concentration that suppresses fog.
Urbanization influences fog to a larger extent than aerosols do. When
urbanization and aerosol pollution are combined, the much weaker aerosol-promoting effect is counteracted by the stronger urbanization-suppressing
effect on fog. Budget analysis of LWC reveals that urban development
(urbanization and aerosols) alters the LWC profile and fog structure mainly by
modulating condensation–evaporation process. Our results infer that urban
fog will be further reduced if urbanization keeps developing and air quality
keeps deteriorating in the future.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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