Comparative Review on Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Smart Cities

Abstract

This paper reviews different ways to manage energy in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) for smart cities by looking at three separate studies. Initially, it explores a structured approach to solving energy management issues in HEVs, comparing three known methods and highlighting one that can be used in real-time. Next, it discusses a creative use of Petri Nets (PNs) for managing energy, either on its own or with the Global Positioning System (GPS). This part points out the benefits of using GPS to manage energy better during different driving conditions. Lastly, the paper talks about the need to improve energy management in a specific type of HEV to address current environmental and energy challenges. It mentions the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to improve energy management strategies, aiming to extend the life of the vehicle’s fuel cell and improve energy efficiency. Through these discussions, this review aims to provide a clear understanding of how energy management in HEVs can be improved in smart city settings.