Effect of kenaf fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of polyurethane shape memory polymer composites

Abstract

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have captivated researchers and engineers with their unique ability to recover their original shape after deformation. Among SMPs, shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) is promising due to its easy processing, cost-effectiveness, and biocompatibility. Despite its potential, SMPU faces limitations in strength and modulus, hindering structural applications. This study investigates the sustainable improvement of shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) by integrating kenaf fibers (KF) as a reinforcing material at different percentages, specifically 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the composite’s weight. A combination of hand lay-up technique and compression moulding technique was employed for the fabrication process to achieve the desired shape. The results reveal a clear correlation between the KF content and the mechanical properties. Tensile testing reveals improved strength and strain up to 20% KF, peaking at this level but declining at 30% and 40% due to fiber agglomeration and void formation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis highlights favourable fiber-matrix adhesion at optimal level. By shedding light on the mechanical behaviour of SMPC with KF reinforcements, this study paves the way for developing high-performance composites tailored for shape memory applications.