Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Methanolic Stem Extract of Tinospora Cordifolia and Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

The research is aimed to assess the joint antibacterial effects of hydrogen peroxide and methanolic stem extract (SNP-MSE)-prepared silver nanoparticles against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Utilizing MSE under sunlight, biogenic silver nanoparticles were produced, with their properties characterised using FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. Turbidimetry determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of SNP-MSE, H2O2, and their varied combinations at different concentrations. Agar well diffusion assessed the zone of inhibition. The study comprised three groups: Group 1 assessed SNP-MSE, Group 2 H2O2, and Group 3 their combination. A sample size of 9 (3 per group) was determined with an 80% pretest G power. At 1 μg/ml SNP-MSE, no inhibition zone was observed; for 0.625 mM H2O2, it measured 7.81 ± 0.464 mm; and for the combined treatment, 14.01 ± 0.478 mm. The combined treatment significantly (p=<0.001, p<0.05) outperformed SNP-MSE and H2O2 alone in antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index, below 1, signified synergy between SNP-MSE and H2O2. These findings suggest their collaborative action in eradicating K. pneumoniae. Their synergistic potency proposes a potential novel antibacterial agent, potentially reducing H2O2 side effects, expediting infection recovery, and enhancing overall health.