Evaluating Energy Storage Technologies for Electric Vehicles: A Comparative Analysis and Battery Management System Overview

Abstract

In the pursuit of sustainable transportation solutions, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising alternative. This research paper provides an in-depth exploration of the crucial role played by Battery Management Systems (BMS) and conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of various energy storage technologies for Electric Vehicles. The paper begins by elucidating the intricate components and functions of BMS through an illustrative block diagram, emphasizing its significance in ensuring safe and optimal battery operation. The study then conducts a meticulous analysis of key battery attributes, including energy density, power density, capacity, charge/discharge rates, life cycles, and cost per kWh. Supported by simulated data, the comparative analysis sheds light on the distinct performance characteristics of different battery types - Lithium-ion (Li-Ion), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4), Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH), and Ultracapacitor. The outcomes offer a comprehensive perspective on their strengths and trade-offs, providing valuable insights for selecting suitable energy storage solutions. By translating intricate technical information into meaningful insights, this research empowers EV industry stakeholders to make informed decisions for enhanced EV performance, economic viability, and sustainable electric mobility.