Evaluation of seeds quality in the fruits of cherry varieties (Cerasus vulgaris L.) in the process of embryos cultivation in vitro

Abstract

The objective reasons for the low yield of breeding material are shown. They are associated with the timing of the fruits selection, affecting the formation of the embryos and cotyledons, as well as their infection and damage by seed eater (Apion Pomonae Fabricius). The paper presents a general characteristics of the seeds quality of cherry varieties and the stages of development of embryos and cotyledons depending on the period of pollination. The presence of damage to the seed by seed eaters at an early stage was revealed, and then the complete destruction of the nucleus by its larvae. The assessment of the seeds quality in the fruits of cherry varieties (C. vulgaris L.) was carried out to reveal the suitability their embryos cultivation in vitro for breeding programs of new varieties development. The presence of three waves of fruit dropping, inherent in cherry varieties after blossoming is clarified. When assessing the quality of the seed of the varieties introduced into in vitro culture, it is necessary to pay attention to the timing of the “harvest” of fruits and their infection, the formation of the embryos and cotyledons, as well as the presence or absence of clutches of seed eaters (damage by seed eaters).