Principles of formation of field crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe of western Siberia

Abstract

The article analyzes soil and climatic zoning of the territory of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, population degree, contour of fields, biological economic features of crops, including the leading - spring wheat. The adaptive landscape approach to the zonal features of crop alternation was used in the work, which makes it possible to determine a reasonable ecological niche for each one, select crops in accordance with biological requirements, productivity, profitability of production, as much as possible to reduce repeated and monocrops. Monitoring of economic activity over the past 35 years has shown a tendency for commodity producers to be stratified by resource capabilities, technical equipment, and, above all, the level of agriculture intensification. In this regard, recommendations for optimizing field crop rotations are focused on expanding to 8-10 crops and adaptive varieties, considering their profitability and "soil improvement", limiting resowing, excluding continuous cultivation of agricultural crops. In conditions of limited intensive agriculture, about 5-10% of the arable land area belongs to crop rotations with winter, tilled crops, legumes, melilot, rapeseed, millet, clover, annual multicomponent grasses, the efficiency of which in terms of the yield of fodder units often surpasses grain-fallow crop rotations with short rotation. It is noted that in recent years, special attention has been paid to alternate crop rotations, which allow, with increase in farming standards and use of intensification means, to slightly reduce the fallow field and optimize the structure of arable land use, to increase the biodiversity of a set of crops and adaptive varieties. The tendency to switch to rotation crop, among commodity producers of a more humidified forest-steppe zone, is possible only with the use of fertilizers and the improvement of agrophytocenoses. The expansion of alternate crop rotations and the reduction of repeated sowing of spring wheat is also due to positive changes in hydrothermal conditions in arid soil and climatic zones of Western Siberia.