First light for GRAVITY Wide-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

First light for GRAVITY Wide

Published:2022-09 Issue: Volume:665 Page:A75
ISSN:0004-6361
Container-title:Astronomy & Astrophysics
language:
Short-container-title:A&A

Author:

,Abuter R.,Allouche F.,Amorim A.,Bailet C.,Bauböck M.,Berger J.-P.^ORCID,Berio P.,Bigioli A.^ORCID,Boebion O.,Bolzer M. L.,Bonnet H.,Bourdarot G.,Bourget P.,Brandner W.,Clénet Y.,Courtney-Barrer B.,Dallilar Y.^ORCID,Davies R.,Defrère D.^ORCID,Delboulbé A.,Delplancke F.,Dembet R.,de Zeeuw P. T.,Drescher A.^ORCID,Eckart A.,Édouard C.,Eisenhauer F.,Fabricius M.^ORCID,Feuchtgruber H.,Finger G.,Förster Schreiber N. M.^ORCID,Garcia E.,Garcia P.^ORCID,Gao F.,Gendron E.,Genzel R.,Gil J. P.,Gillessen S.,Gomes T.^ORCID,Gonté F.,Gouvret C.,Guajardo P.,Guieu S.,Hartl M.,Haubois X.,Haußmann F.,Heißel G.^ORCID,Henning Th.,Hippler S.^ORCID,Hönig S.,Horrobin M.,Hubin N.,Jacqmart E.,Jochum L.,Jocou L.^ORCID,Kaufer A.,Kervella P.^ORCID,Korhonen H.,Kreidberg L.,Lacour S.^ORCID,Lagarde S.,Lai O.,Lapeyrère V.,Laugier R.,Le Bouquin J.-B.^ORCID,Leftley J.,Léna P.,Lutz D.^ORCID,Mang F.,Marcotto A.,Maurel D.,Mérand A.,Millour F.,More N.^ORCID,Nowacki H.^ORCID,Nowak M.,Oberti S.^ORCID,Ott T.,Pallanca L.,Pasquini L.^ORCID,Paumard T.,Perraut K.^ORCID,Perrin G.^ORCID,Petrov R.,Pfuhl O.,Pourré N.^ORCID,Rabien S.,Rau C.,Robbe-Dubois S.,Rochat S.,Salman M.,Schöller M.^ORCID,Schubert J.,Schuhler N.,Shangguan J.,Shimizu T.^ORCID,Scheithauer S.,Sevin A.,Soulez F.,Spang A.,Stadler E.^ORCID,Stadler J.,Straubmeier C.^ORCID,Sturm E.^ORCID,Tacconi L. J.,Tristram K. R. W.,Vincent F.,von Fellenberg S.,Uysal S.,Widmann F.,Wieprecht E.,Wiezorrek E.,Woillez J.^ORCID,Yazici S.^ORCID,Young A.^ORCID,Zins G.

Abstract

GRAVITY+ is the upgrade for GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) with wide-separation fringe tracking, new adaptive optics, and laser guide stars on all four 8 m Unit Telescopes (UTs) to enable ever-fainter, all-sky, high-contrast, milliarcsecond interferometry. Here we present the design and first results of the first phase of GRAVITY+, known as GRAVITY Wide. GRAVITY Wide combines the dual-beam capabilities of the VLTI and the GRAVITY instrument to increase the maximum separation between the science target and the reference star from 2 arcseconds with the 8 m UTs up to several 10 arcseconds, limited only by the Earth’s turbulent atmosphere. This increases the sky-coverage of GRAVITY by two orders of magnitude, opening up milliarcsecond resolution observations of faint objects and, in particular, the extragalactic sky. The first observations in 2019–2022 include the first infrared interferometry of two redshift z ~ 2 quasars, interferometric imaging of the binary system HD 105913A, and repeat observations of multiple star systems in the Orion Trapezium Cluster. We find the coherence loss between the science object and fringe-tracking reference star well described by the turbulence of the Earth’s atmosphere. We confirm that the larger apertures of the UTs result in higher visibilities for a given separation due to the broader overlap of the projected pupils on the sky and provide predictions for visibility loss as a function of separation to be used for future planning.

Funder

MPG

DFG

BMBF

ERC

CNRS

Ile-de-France region

Paris Observatory-PSL

Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble

Université Grenoble Alpes

Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

Université Côte d’Azur