MODERN MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES USED IN HOUSING CONSTRUCTION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Abstract

Introduction: The article addresses the possibility of using universal energy-efficient engineering and technological solutions in mass housing construction, regardless of the climatic region of construction, with account for modern development in Saint Petersburg (Russian Federation) and Münster (Germany). The article not only considers improvements in building technologies used in modern housing construction but also offers an overview of the latest energy-efficient materials and structures. Purpose of the study: We aimed to introduce energy-efficient solutions in housing construction using innovative technologies and materials. In addition to theoretical materials, practical calculations will be presented, clearly showing the advantages and disadvantages of various engineering and technical solutions. Methods: In the course of the study, we used a) a comparative analysis of physical and thermal properties as well as strength characteristics of building materials used in mass housing construction; b) a problem-logical method to analyze possible typical space-planning and structural solutions for the design and construction of buildings, with account for climatic conditions and geographical features of the construction region, in compliance with the basic principles of modern sustainable construction, energy and environmental standards, economic efficiency of the solutions used, in accordance with international European LEED and BREEAM and Russian GREEN ZOOM standards. Results: We propose to introduce, along with the already well-known and time-tested ones, innovative patented solutions in materials and construction technologies both in private and mass housing construction in the countries under consideration: Russian Federation and Germany. Discussion: The discussion of field tests and implementation of the latest building materials in housing construction clearly demonstrates the importance of international cooperation in this field at various levels. As a consequence of the growing volume of housing construction and energy consumption, there emerge new stricter requirements and standards for the quality of materials produced and their technical characteristics, as well as a variety of decorative solutions enabling the construction market to be competitive and meet the over-demand requirements of the rapidly developing industrial society, while necessarily taking environmental protection measures, including those on conservation and mindful use of natural resources.