Analysis of rat jaw bone tissue elemental composition in a model of periodontitis

Abstract

The elemental composition of jaw bone tissue depends on many external and internal factors affecting the body. The structure of bone tissue directly reflects its ability to restrain inflammation and regenerate after exposure to damaging factors. The purpose of the study is to study the elemental composition of the rat jaw bone tissue during chronic periodontal inflammatory process. A month later, the individual was removed from the experiment by an overdose of ether to isolate the bone segment under study. Next, the bone tissue sample was studied using atomic emission spectroscopy. In the studied segment of bone tissue, 67 chemical elements were identified in a quantitative range of up to 10-4 mass percent. The highest mass fraction belongs to the basic elements of bone tissue: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, and sulfur. While during the experiment the animals received standard complete feed, which contained proteins, vitamin D close to normal, Ca, P and Se. In the bone tissue sample under study, the quantitative Ca/P ratio was 1.685, which slightly exceeds the optimal one. An increase in this indicator is associated with a decrease in phosphorus content in bone tissue, which can be explained by insufficient daily intake of this element from food, as well as a number of local factors. When the jaw is traumatized during the modeling of periodontitis, an inflammatory process occurs in this area, the experimental animal experiences stress, which leads to demineralization of the tissues of the alveolar process of the jaw, as evidenced by a decrease in the content of phosphorus and selenium in the bone tissue. In addition, elemental analysis showed the presence of foreign elements in the bone tissue, the amount of which corresponds to the range from 0.001% to 0.06%. Basically, these are elements that form simple substances - metals: bismuth, gallium, lead, iridium, titanium, zinc, mercury, molybdenum. The results of the study can be taken into account when planning and conducting polyetiotropic therapy for inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases in the early stages of their development.